The Effects of Esmolol on Erythrocyte Deformability in Rat Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Abstract
Background: Esmolol has protective effects in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The purpose of our study was to look into the effects of this which esmolol on erythrocyte deformability in rat liver IR injury model.
Materials and Methods: We used 24 Wistar albino rats as subjects in our study. They were divided into 4 groups; randomized control group (group C; n=6), esmolol group 200µg/kg/min intravenously (group E; n=6), IR group (group IR; n=6) and IR group with esmolol 200µg/kg/min intravenously (group IR-E; n=6). Erythrocyte packs were prepared from heparinized blood samples and deformability measurements were performed.
Results: It was discovered that ischemia reperfusion increased the relative resistance when compared to control group (p<0.0001). Erythrocyte deformibility index was found to be higher in IR and IR-E groups compared to control group (p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). Esmolol application decreased the erythrocyte deformibiltiy index when compared to control group (p=0.017).
Conclusion: In this research, esmolol application has improved the ertyhrocyte deformibity in liver rat IR injury partially. We also found that esmolol had beneficial effects by reversing undesirable effects of IR. Further studies with larger volume are required to support our promising results.
References
Radosinska J, Vrbjar N. The role of red blood cell deformability and Na,K-ATPase function in selected risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in humans: focus on hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Physiol Res 2016; 65:43-54.
Simmonds MJ, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK. Blood rheology and aging. J Geriatr Cardiol 2013;10: 291-301.
Kapan M, Gumus M, Onder A, Firat U, Basarali MK, Boyuk A, et al. The effects of ellagic acid on the liver and remote organs' oxidative stress and structure after hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury caused by pringle maneuver in rats. Bratisl Lek Listy 2012;113:274-281.
Pérez JC, Ramírez AC, González LT, Espinosa LE, Quintana MM, Galván GA, et al. Spironolactone effect in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in wistar rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:1-9. doi: 10.1155/2016/3196431.
Zimmerman MA, Martin A, Yee J, Schiller J, Hong JC. Natural Killer T Cells in Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. J Clin Med 2017; 6:1-9. doi:10.3390/jcm6040041
Grisham MB, Granger DN. Free radicals: reactive metabolites of oxygen as mediators of postischemic reperfusion injury. In: Martson A, Bulkley GB, Fiddian-Green RG, Haglung U, editors. Splanchnic ischemia and multiple organ failure. St. Louis: Mosby; 1989: 135–144.
Scorsin M, Mebazaa A, Al Attar N, Medini B, Callebert J, Raffoul R, et al. Efficacy of esmolol as a myocardial protective agent during continuous retrograde blood cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125(4): 1022-1029.
Arslan M, Çomu FM, Küçük A, Oztürk L, Yaylak F. Dexmedetomidine protects against lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability alterations in experimental hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Libyan J Med. 2012;7:1-5 doi: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.18185.
Sivgin V, Kucuk A, Comu FM, Kosem B, Kartal S, Turgut HC, et al. Effects of intravenous ibuprofen and lornoxicam on erythrocyte deformability in rats undergoing hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Bratisl Med J 2016;117(12):722-725.
Kara H, Ozer A, Arpaci H, Demirtas H, Comu FM, Oktar GL, et al. Effect of alprostadil on erythrocyte deformability in ischemia reperfusion injury. Bratisl Med J 2015; 116(8):509-511.
Tatar T, Polat Y, Comu FM, Kartal H, Arslan M, Kucuk A. Effect of cerium oxide on erythrocyte deformability in rat lower extremity ischemia reperfusion injury. Bratisl Med J 2018;119(7):441-443.
Chouchani ET, Pell VR, James AM, Work LM, Saeb-Parsy K, Frezza C, et al. A Unifying Mechanism for Mitochondrial Superoxide Production during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Metab 2016; 23:254-263.
Arslan F, de Kleijn DP, Pasterkamp G. Innate immune signaling in cardiac ischemia. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011;8(5):292-300.
Abu-Amara M, Yang SY, Tapuria N, Fuller B, Davidson B, Seifalian A. Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: processes in inflammatory networks--a review. Liver Transpl 2010;16(9):1016-1032.
Tomaiuolo M, Stalker TJ, Welsh JD, Diamond SL, Sinno T, Brass LF. A systems approach to hemostasis: 2. Computational analysis of molecular transport in the thrombus microenvironment. Blood 2014;124(11):1816-1823.
Elimban V, Bartekova M, Xu Yj, Dhalla Ns: Regulation Of Membrane Na+-K+ Atpase in Health And Disease. In: Advances İn Biochemistry İn Health And Disease. S Chakrabortı, Ns Dhalla (Eds), Springer, New York, 2016, Vol 15, Pp 311-322.
Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ. Blood rheology and hemodynamics. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003;29(5):435-450.
Guan LY, Fu PY, Li PD, Li ZN, Liu HY, Xin MG, et al. Mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and protective effects of nitric oxide. World J Gastrointest Surg 2014;6(7):122-128.
Cannistrà M, Ruggiero M, Zullo A, Gallelli G, Serafini S, Maria M, et al. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: A systematic review of literature and the role of current drugs and biomarkers Int J Surg 2016;33: 57-70.
Pevtsov A, Fredlund KL. Esmolol. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018-Jul 28.
Wallukat G. The beta-adrenergic receptors. Herz 2002;27(7):683-690.
Tucker WD, Whitten R. Selective Beta-1-Blockers. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018-. 2018 Aug 30.
Daga MK, Chaudhary M, Sharma B, Bhattacharjee J, Ghambhir DS, Arora N, et al. Effect of esmolol on oxidant status and antioxidant activity in acute myocardial infarction. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:677-680.
Umehara S, Goyagi T, Nishikawa T, Tobe Y, Masaki, Y. Esmolol and landiolol, selective β1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, provide neuroprotection against spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Anesth Analg 2010;110(4):1133-1137.
Goyagi T, Horiguchi T, Nishikawa T, Tobe Y, Masaki Y. Neuroprotective effects of selective β-1 adrenoceptor antagonists, landiolol and esmolol, on transient forebrain ischemia in rats; a dose-response study. Brain Res 2012;1461:96-101.
