The Nutrition Transition in Turkey: Trends in Energy and Macronutrients Supply from 1961 to 2011
Abstract
Objective: It has been aimed to evaluate the differences occurred between 1961 and 2011 regarding the amounts of energy–macronutrients per capita in Turkey. Methods: Energy and macronutrient data (fat and protein) per capita between 1961 and 2011 for Turkey was downloaded from FAOSTAT data base as kg/year and then converted into g/day. The amount of carbohydrate per capita (g/day) was calculated. The changes in daily energy and macronutrient per capita were calculated according to each 10 years period (1961-1970, 1971-1980, 1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2011) by taking the mean value for each period. Results: It was found out that there had been a 19.5% increase in the daily energy amount per capita in Turkey from 1961 to 2011. It was determined that the biggest increase in the amount of daily fat per capita was between 2001 and 2011 (11.5% increase, 107.2±7.90 g/day) and the amount of daily fat per capita increased 50.5% in total from 1961 to 2011. The amount of protein per capita increased around 10.6% between 1961 and 2011. the amount of carbohydrate per capita increased 11.3% between 1961 and 2011. It was found out that there was an increase in the amounts of energy and macronutrients per capita in Turkey from 1961 to 2011. Conclusion: That result is seemed to be an indicator for the increase in the food supply according to the development level of the country.References
Turkish Statistics Institute (TURKSTAT). Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla, II. Çeyrek: Nisan-Haziran. 2014 (cited 2015 November 01). Available from: URL: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=16193
World Health Organization (WHO). Turkey:WHO statistical profile: Country statistics and global health estimates by WHO and UN partners. 2012 (cited 2015 November 01). Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/gho/countries/tur.pdf?ua=1
Turkish Statistics Institute (TURKSTAT). Hayat Tabloları. 2013 (cited 2015 November 01). Available from: URL: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18522
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. 2010. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA). Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu, Ankara/Turkey.
Pekcan G. Food and nutrition policies: what’s being done in Turkey. Public Health Nutrition 2006; 9: 158-62.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, MEB Sağlık İşleri Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye’de Okul Çağı Çocuklarında (6-10 Yaş Grubu) Büyümenin İzlenmesi (TOÇBİ) Projesi Araştırma Raporu. Ankara/Turkey: Kuban Matbaacılık Yayıncılık; 2011.
Dündar C, Öz H. Obesity-related factors in Turkish school children. Scientific World Journal 2012; 353-485.
Kaya M, Sayan A, Birinci M, Yıldız M, Türkmen K. The obesity prevalence among students between the ages of 5 and 19 in Kutahya. Turk J Med Sci 2014; 44(1):10-5.
Gültekin T, Ozer BK, Akin G, Bektaş Y, Sağir M, Güleç E. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkish adults. Anthropol Anz 2009; 67: 205-12.
Turkish Statistics Institute (TURKSTAT). Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri. 2013 (cited 2015 November 12). Available from: URL: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=16162
Onat A, Şenocak M, Örnek E, Gözükara Y, Şurdumavcı G, Karaaslan Y. Türkiye’de erişkinlerde kalp hastalığı ve risk faktörleri sıklığı taraması: 5. Hipertansiyon ve sigara içimi. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 1991; 19:169-77.
Altun B, Arıcı M, Nergizoğlu G, Derici U, Karatan O, Turgan C. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (the PatenT study) in 2003. J Hypertens 2005; 23:1817-23.
Turkish Society of Hypertension and Renal Diseases. Türk Hipertansiyon Prevalans Çalışması PatenT2. 14th Scientific Meeting of Turkish Society of Hypertension and Renal Diseases. 2012 (cited 2015 November 10). Available from: URL: http://www.turkhipertansiyon.org/prevelans_calismasi_2.php
Satman I, Yilmaz T, Sengül A, Salman S, Salman F, Uygur S. Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1551-6.
Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:169-80.
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 11, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012 (cited 2015 October 10). Available from: URL: http://globocan.iarc.fr
World Health Organization (WHO). Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends: Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the joint WHO/FAO expert consultation WHO Technical Report Series, No. 916 (TRS 916). 2003 (cited 2015 June 05). Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Food Balance Sheets: A handbook.
Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2001.
European Commission (EC). Balance Sheets. 2015 (cited 2015 November 01). Available from: URL: http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cereals/balance-sheets/index_en.htm
FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. 2015 (cited 2015 November 01). Available from: URL: http://faostat3.fao.org/download/FB/*/E
Jacobs K, Sumner DA. The Food Balance Sheets of the Food and Agriculture Organization: A Review of Potential Ways to Broaden the Appropriate Uses of the Data: A Review Sponsored by FAO; 2002.
Köksal O. Türkiye’de Beslenme. Türkiye 1974 Beslenme- Sağlık ve Gıda Tüketimi Araştırması. Ankara: UNICEF/Aydın Matbaası; 1977.
Tönük B, Gültürk H. 1984 Gıda Tüketimi ve Beslenme Araştırması. Ankara: Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı/ UNICEF; 1987.
Arslan P, Mercanlıgil S, Gökmen Özel H, Çıtak Akbulut G, Dönmez N, Çiftçi H. Nutritional habits and nutritional patterns of participants of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Survey 2003-2004. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş - Arch Turk Soc Cardiol 2006; 34: 331-9.
Arslan P. TEKHARF 2003-2007 beslenme araştırması: besin tüketimi, beslenme alışkanlığı ve kan lipitleri ilişkisi. VI. Beslenme ve Diyetetik Kongresi; 2008 April 2-6; Antalya/Turkey; 2008.
Pekcan G, Köksal E, Küçükerdönmez Ö, Özel H. Household food wastage in Turkey. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistics Division Working Paper Series No: ESS/ ESSA/ 006e; 2006.
Tatlıdil FF, Dellal İ, Bayramoğlu Z. Regional program of FAO in Europe and Central Asia.. Food Losses and Waste in Turkey Country Report; 2013.
Pekcan G, Marcheish R (ESNA-FAO). FAO Nutrition Country Profiles – Turkey, 2001. 2001 (cited 2015 June 30). Available from: URL: http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/ncp/turmap.pdf
Turkish Statistics Institute (TURKSTAT). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. 2014 (cited 2015 October 12). Available from: URL: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18616
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Income Distrubition and Poverty. 2011 (cited 2015 October 23). Available from: URL: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=IDD
