Antibiotic Resistance Rates of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Giresun Prof. Dr. Atilla ilhan Ozdemir State Hospital
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the types of specimens, distribution among clinics and antibiotic susceptibilities of 531 Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in our laboratory between January 2012-June 2014.
Methods: Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified by conventional methods and API 20 NE (bioMerieux, France), antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines except tigecycline evaluated according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines.
Results: Strains were isolated from Anesthesiology and Reanimation Unit (36.9 %), Medical Intensive Care Unit (17.9 %), Neurological Intensive Care Unit (14.7 %), Surgical Intensive Care Unit (13.9 %), Coronary Intensive Care Unit (2.3 %), Internal Medicine Services (9.8 %) and Surgical Services (4.5 %). Specimen types were; 239 (45.0 %) tracheal aspirate, 92 (17.3 %) urine, 78 (14.7 %) blood, 55 (10.4 %) wounds, 38 (7.1 %) sputum and 29 (5.5 %) catheter. The antibiotic resistance rates were found as 99.1 % for nitrofurantoin, 98.9% for cefotaxime, 97.7 % for tetracycline, 97.4 % for piperacillin, 97.2 % for netilmicin, 94.9 % for ceftazidime, 94.7 % for cefepime, 92.8 % for piperacillin/tazobactam, 91.7 % for ampicillin/sulbactam and ciprofloxacin, 91.1 % for meropenem, 89.8 % for imipenem, 89.5 % for levofloxacin, 82.1 % for gentamicin, 81.2 % for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 79.3 % for amikacin, 69.5 % for cefoperazone-sulbactam, 25.4 % for tobramycin, 5.1 % for tigecycline and 0.8 % for colistin.
Conclusion: Our strains were found as sensitive to colistin, tigecycline, tobramycin and cefoperazone/sulbactam antibiotics. Resistance to carbapenems and other antibiotics were remarkable.
References
Karageorgopoulos DE, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Falagas ME. Tigecycline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter infections: a review of the scientific evidence,J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62:45-55.
Özdem B, Gürelik FÇ, Çelikbilek N, Balıkçı H, Açıkgöz ZC. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden 2007-2010 yıllarında izole edilen Acinetobacter türlerinin antibiyotik direnç profili, Mikrobiyol Bul 2011;45:526-34.
Souli M, Galani I, Giamarellou H. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Europe, Euro Surveill 2008;13:1-11.
Xu T, Xia W, Rong G, Pan S, Huang P, Gu B. A 4-year surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii in a university-affiliated hospital in China,J Thorac Dis 2013;5:506-12.
Peleg Y, Seifert H, Paterson DL. Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21:538-82.
Mansur A, Kuzucu Ç, Ersoy Y, Yetkin F. İnönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezinde 2008 yılında yatan hastalardan izole edilen Acinetobacter suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları, ANKEM Derg 2009;23:177-81.
Maragakis LL, Perl TM. Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment options, Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1254-63.
Öksüz L, Gürler N. Klinik örneklerden izole edilen çoğul dirençli Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarında kolistin, polimiksin B ve tigesiklinin in vitro etkinliği, Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2012;42:32-8.
Fishbain J, Peleg AY. Treatment of Acinetobacter infections,Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:79-84.
Çiftçi İH, Aşık G. Acinetobacter baumannii’nin antibiyotik direnç mekanizmaları, ANKEM Derg 2011;25:196-207.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third informational Supplement M100-S22, 2012. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA (2012).
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third informational Supplement M100-S23, 2013. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA (2013).
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third informational Supplement M100-S24, 2014. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA (2014).
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021821s016lbl.pdf
Küme G, Demirci M. Yoğun bakım ünitelerindeki hastaların alt solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen non-fermantatif Gram negatif bakterilerin antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları ve alt solunum yolu infeksiyonu ile ilişkili risk faktörleri, DEÜ Tıp Fakültesi Derg 2012;26:37-44.
Alp E, Kiran B, Altun D et al. Changing pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in intensive care units: ten years experience of a university hospital, Anaerobe 2011;17:422-5.
Aral M, Doğan S, Paköz NİE. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarının antibiyotiklere direnç oranlarının araştırılması, ANKEM Derg 2010;24:215-9.
Gözütok F, Sarıgüzel FM, Çelik İ, Berk E, Aydın B, Güzel D. Hastane infeksiyonu etkeni Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarının antimikrobiyal direnç oranlarının araştırılması, ANKEM Derg 2013;27:7-12.
Iraz M, Ceylan A, Akkoyunlu Y. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Acinetobactertürlerinde antibiyotik direnç oranlarının incelenmesi, ANKEM Derg 2012;26:80-5.
Kurtoğlu MG, Opus A, Kaya M, Keşli M, Güzelant A, Yüksekkaya Ş. Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde klinik örneklerden izole edilen Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarında antibakteriyel direnç (2008-2010), ANKEM Derg 2011;25:35-41.
Özseven AG, Çetin ES, Arıdoğan BC. Çeşitli Klinik Örnekler İzole edilen Acinetobacter baumannii suşlarının antibiyotik direnç profilleri, Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2012;42:55-60.
Yurtsever G. S, Altıner NN, El S, Çetin FL, Pişmişoğlu E, Uzun S. Hastane infeksiyonu etkeni olarak çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Acinetobacterbaumannii izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları, ANKEM Derg 2008;22:148-52.
Jiang W,Liu H,Zhong M,Yang YC,Xiao DW,Huang WF. Study on the resistant genes to carbapenems and epidemiological characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates, Microb Drug Resist2013;19:117-23.
Kuşcu F, Öztürk DB, Tütüncü EE ve ark. Çoğul antibiyotik dirençli Acinetobacter baumannii izolatlarında tigesiklin duyarlılık oranlarının E-test yöntemiyle araştırılması, Klimik Derg 2009;22:48-51.
Livermore DM, Hill RL, Thomson H et al. C-MRAB Study Group. Antimicrobial treatment and clinical outcome for infections with carbapenem- and multiply-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii around London,Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:19-24.
Evren E, Gocmen JS, Demirbilek M, Alışkan HE. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen çoklu ilaca dirençli Acinetobacter baumanniisuşlarının imipenem, meropenem, kolistin, amikasin ve fosfomisin duyarlılıkları, GMJ 2013;24:1-4.
Lee YL, Chen YS, Toh HS et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections at five medical centers in Taiwan that continuously participated in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial ResistanceTrends (SMART) from 2006 to 2010, Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;40(Suppl):S29-36.
Mezzatesta ML, D'Andrea MM, Migliavacca R et al. Epidemiological characterization and distribution of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Italy, Clin Microbiol Infect2012;18:160-6.
Huh K,Kim J,Cho SY et al. Korean Network for Study on Infectious Diseases (KONSID). Continuous increase of theantimicrobialresistance among gram-negative pathogens causing bacteremia: a nationwidesurveillancestudy by the Korean Network for Study on Infectious Diseases (KONSID), Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis2013;76:477-82.
Kiratisin P, Chongthaleong A, Tan TY, Lagamayo E, Roberts S, Garcia J, Davies T. Comparative in vitro activity of carbapenems against major Gram negative pathogens: results of Asia-Pacificsurveillance from the COMPACT II study.Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39:311-6.
Ni W, Cui J, Liang B et al. In vitro effects of tigecycline in combination with colistin (polymyxin E) and sulbactam against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, J Antibiot(Tokyo) 2013;66:705-8.
